Worthington Screw
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The development of the water pump
As far as we know, water plays a very important role in our daily life and production all the time. In the ancient, there were a lot of tools that were used to carry water, such as the Egyptian chain pump, the Chinese shadoof, windlass and water wagon. The relatively well-known water-lifting device is the screw rod, which was invented by Archimedes in the 3rd century. It can lift water to several meters' height stably and continuously. At present, its working principle is still applied by the modern screw pump.
In about 200 B.C. the fire pump, invented by Ketesibiwusih, an ancient Greek workman, was the easiest piston pump. At that time it had the main elements of the typical piston pump. However, the piston pump was developed quickly after the steamer came to the world.
From 1840 to 1850, H.R. Worthington, an American, invented the piston pump that is drove by the stream in the pump cylinder and stream cylinder. The invention represented the formation of the modern piston pump. In the 19th century the piston pump came into a period of high tide and this pump was widely used by all kinds of machinery. However, with the increase of the water demand, from 1920s this pump has been replaced by the high-speed centrifugal pump and rotary pump, because its speed was too low and the flow rate was seriously limited. While, the reciprocating pump still plays a very important role in some places where the pressure is high but the flow rate is small. Especially the diaphragm pump and plunger pump are more and more popular owing to their unique features.
The invention of the rotary pump is closely related to the various demands for the liquid transportation in the industry. In the early 1588, there was a record about the four-leaf vane pump. Then different rotary pump came to the world one by one, however, until 19th century, the rotary pump still had the following demerits, such as great leakage, serious abrasion and low efficiency. At the beginning of the 20th century, people have solved the problems about the rotor lubrication and seals. At the same time they have adopted the high-speed electric motor drive. Thus, the rotary pump that is applicable to transport different viscous liquid has been developed quickly. Meanwhile, this pump can be used to transport the high-pressure or middle flow rate liquid.
The thought about applying the centrifugal force to transport the water appeared in the sketch drawn by Leonardo da Vinci. In 1689, a French physicist invented the volute pump with four-leaf impeller. However, the pump invented by an American in 1818 was closer to the modern centrifugal pump. It had the straight radial blade, semi-open double-sided impeller and spiral housing. From 1851 to 1875, the multiple centrifugal pump was invented and the high water-lifting came true. At the end of the 19th century, with the invention of the high-speed electric motor, the centrifugal pump gets the ideal power supply and finally lives up to its superiority. And its application range is wider and wider.
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